Rain Man and Psychological Concepts

By far most of individuals are enamored with films and discover huge numbers of them rather training and accommodating to their consistently life. One of the most remarkable sides of any film is raising and talking about various mental issues and ideas, which help to tackle fundamental issues and challenges and be happy with the outcomes. Publicizing We will compose a custom report test on Rain Man and Psychological Concepts explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of such motion pictures, which may contact human spirit and brain, is Rain Main featuring Tom Cruise and Dustin Hoffman. This film depicts an account of a youngster, Charlie Babbit, who is anxious to take his father’s business and cash after the latter’s demise; in any case, the fantasies of Mr. Babbit are fizzled, when he becomes acquainted with that all father’s cash go to his sibling, he has not known previously. Presently, Charlie needs to meet his sibling, gain his certainty, and make him give cash. In any case, the occasions become all the more intriguing, when Charlie meets Raymond and fathoms that their lives are so associated. Raymond’s chemical imbalance is one of the primary issues, Charlie needs to adapt to; however everything isn't that simple as Charlie anticipates. Downpour Man instructs individuals trust, care, and bolster one another, assists with understanding and help those individuals with chemical imbalance range, and clarifies that individuals are not in every case all-incredible, and certain impulses of predetermination can't be outsmarted. Brain science is viewed as a science about conduct and every psychological procedure, which are natural to individuals and other living creatures (Nevid, 2008). The significant purpose of this science is its grounds to perceptions and speculations, since all realities about creatures must be gathered above all else, and their sorted out into hypotheses so as to clarify human conduct and their res ponses to specific circumstances, anticipate potential outcomes, and impact or even improve future conduct. Loads of mental ideas exist and extensively impact human disposition to recent developments, issues, and difficulties. These ideas cause individuals to vary from one another and speak to totally unique response to similar circumstances. Some mental ideas are totally depicted and examined in motion pictures, melodies, and works of expressions. In any case, motion pictures are the best instances of how certain mental ideas must be acknowledged by individuals. Downpour Man is a great film about confused relations between two siblings, where one of them is experiencing mental imbalance and another is experiencing his craving to have however much cash as could be expected. Promoting Looking for report on craftsmanship and structure? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The ideas of mental imbalance, similarity, and trust are de picted in the film; and the eccentricity of this story is that one idea is firmly associated with another idea, and the outcomes of one idea impact impressively the improvement of another. Chemical imbalance is a mental idea that is portrayed by incredible work of human psyche that isn't inborn to normal individuals and explicit social cooperation and correspondence with others (Rodriguez, 2008). Raymond, the fundamental character in Rain Man consummately depicts the idea of chemical imbalance: his responses to slight changes throughout his life, his demeanor to individuals and their mix-ups, his longing to tail indeed the very same request of occasions. The topic of mental imbalance is inferred in the plot and even makes a superb and solid ground for the advancement of the occasions and other mental ideas. The idea of trust might be inspected in both principle characters on the film. Charlie, as a standard man, who is anxious to get rich and doesn't take numerous endeavors, confide s in just to himself. He accepts that trust to others will make him more vulnerable; this is the reason he attempts to utilize his appeal so as to make others trust him. In contrast with Charlie, Raymond doesn't really think about this idea, since he doesn't know about the outcomes of trust; he even doesn't really fathom what trust should mean. This is the reason he tunes in to his sibling and accepts every his statement. As a mental idea, trust is utilized to anticipate human acknowledgment of state of mind and conduct by others. In this film, an individual gets an awesome chance to assess how the idea of trust might be utilized in two unique manners: to confide in individuals and be an individual, whom others trust. From this very idea, another not less significant idea of similarity might be watched. Raymond trusts Charlie, this is the reason he obeys to each Charlie’s request. The idea of similarity, showed by Raymond, includes acting in specific routes so as to accomplis h certain objectives and ask Charlie to fulfill own needs. Promoting We will compose a custom report test on Rain Man and Psychological Concepts explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More regardless of the way that Charlie is the individual, who confides in no one, his congruity is shown when he can't avoid Raymond requests to turn on TV and watch the program People’s Court (Rain Man). Raymond response to difficulty to watch his preferred program is so horrendous and noisy, that Charlie has nothing to do except for discover the way and discover the TV-set for his sibling. Along these lines, the idea of congruity exhibits how an individual can forfeit own requests and interests so as to satisfy someone else and foresee brother’s anguish. The hugeness of these ideas is truly stunning: two siblings, who ought to fraternize, attempt to join the previously mentioned mental ideas, showed inside them in various ways, and comprehend own requests, wants, and needs. Downpour Man assists with acknowledging how indeed the very same ideas may have totally various ramifications for two siblings in similar circumstances. The thoughts, brought up in the film, help numerous individuals understand this world and its difficulties better. Inside a brief timeframe, a vain individual transforms into a mindful sibling, who is going to forfeit numerous things and individuals so as to be nearer. Individuals consistently learn on their own mix-ups, notwithstanding, those individuals, who watch this film mindfully ought to assess the circumstance and utilize the story. We need to trust to one another, or every one of us will end up being a self seeker and tightwad. Our life is too short to even think about reducing to cash and individual fulfillment. Individuals around likewise merit love and care, and in the event that somebody gets an opportunity to share this help and love, it is important to utilize such possibility soon. The investigation of three mental i deas in the film Rain Man furnish me with an opportunity to fathom that the embodiment of our lives isn't about cash, food, and fulfillment. These days, it ends up being so peculiar to support others and care about own family members, who experience the ill effects of hopeless illness or natural deformities. Tom Cruise’s character fills in as a genuine case of how self absorbed individuals may risk on account of the conditions and instructs us to open our eyes on human issues a lot prior. Raymond featuring Dustin Hoffman is the character, who impeccably shows the idea of mental imbalance and the difficulties, individuals with such turmoil may look with. Each character and the executive of the film Rain Man worked admirably to clarify the ideas of mental imbalance, trust, and similarity and encourage individuals how to carry on with this life properly.Advertising Searching for report on craftsmanship and plan? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Reference List Johnson, M (Producer) Levinson, B. (Executive). (1988). Downpour Man [Motion picture]. US: United Artists. Nevid, J. S. (2008). Brain research: Concepts and Applications. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. Rodriguez, A. M. (2008). Chemical imbalance and Asperger Syndrome. Minneapolis, MN: Twenty-First Century Books. This report on Rain Man and Psychological Concepts was composed and presented by client Kylee Lucas to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for examination and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it appropriately. You can give your paper here.

Science Fair Reflection Paper Essays

Science Fair Reflection Paper Essays Science Fair Reflection Paper Essay Science Fair Reflection Paper Essay Packing was the main the word that entered in my brain the night prior to the Science Fair in BAN Clara Elementary School. It was a distressing night yet everyone is carrying out their responsibilities for the accomplishment of the said occasion. I was alloted in doing the bands for the Mr.. What's more, Ms. Science Fair. We, the Program and Events Committee, effectively made it and every other person. I stressed in light of the fact that I will have a restless night before the Science Fair. Be that as it may, the following day, my vitality didnt go down. It was the day of the Science Fair, October 28 2013. I didnt care about rest and al I needed was Just to get this occasion fruitful. There were numerous kids in the school and all of them was so glad to see their Dates and Kayaks. They were so lively and serious that I overlook the words restless and tired. The tutors were likewise serious that it additionally made you need to cheer those little children. The occasion was most likely loaded with grins and fervor. A difficult day however we were comparatively radical calendar. I was glad to such an extent that it will end sooner than what we had booked. The most anticipated occasion, Mr.. Also, Ms. Science 2013, was the headliner for the Science Fair. Groups picked their delegates and I didnt expect that those children would be so serious and certain to partake in the expo. Their colleagues were yelling their group shading to cheer their delegates. Champs were reported after the expo and we completed the projects, exercises and games. By and large, the BAN Clara Science Fair 2013 was a fruitful occasion. We without a doubt had gotten the hang of something in this occasion and ideally, the children additionally had earned more information about the subject Science and appreciated the occasion despite the fact that it was a tiring one. Praise to all understudies

And now your feature presentation

And now your feature presentation In a worldwhere engineers want to become leaders3 students must face the truthabout engineering leadership. As I hinted at in my last entry, Kevin 11, Joe 12, and I had an on-camera discussion about how GEL has affected our view on leadership. For your reference, Joe starts things off with a lesson from ESD.950, the Engineering Leadership class the three of us took in the first week of IAP. Joe, who is the Chairman of The Tech, went on a field trip to MassWeb, the newspapers publisher, over IAP! Photo by Sam Range 13. At 2:25, I then recall my first leading experience from the Engineering Leadership Laboratory (ELL) last semester. Okay, where to begin? was what I was thinking at the start of an activity where I led my ELL group, including Tiffany 11. Photo by Yasemin Gokce 11. Then, at about 6:35, Kevin talks about a late-night adventure in the MIT tunnels in which he surprisingly relied on a lot of capabilities of engineering leadership that we learned from the ELL’s. Kevin shared this awesome picture with me; last fall, he went to entrepreneurship conference at the New York stock exchange! Enjoy! For all you prospective undergrads out there, I hope these experiences show you how the Institute offers opportunities for students to live out MITs motto of Mens et Manus (Mind and Hand). For all you aspiring engineering leaders in the classes of 12 or 13 (yes, a lot of current students still read these blogs!), heres the application for the GEL program that I reference at the end. And in case you dont believe us The cabinets on their epic journey. Photo by Kevin. It really worked! Photo by Yasemin Gokce 11.

Death Through The Dark By William Stafford, And The Black...

Life is a very special thing given to everyone. Life is something that needs to be treasured, regardless if it is a human or animal. Just with life, death is a special thing. Death is something that is shrouded in mystery that humans explore. Since humans know that they are going to die, they are interested in how others died. They explore their life and the possibility of how they lived, and then their death. In the poem, Traveling through the Dark by William Stafford, and The Black Snake by Mary Oliver, both share a common theme of life and death. In the poem, Traveling Through the Dark, Stafford describes how he was moved by the death of a pregnant fawn while driving his car on the mountain road at night. Whiling traveling on the road at night, the narrator found a deer. He thought it would be better if the deer to be moved and stopped his car to move it back. He found the deer recently killed and her body was almost cold. He pulled the body over to the side and saw her large bel ly. He touched the belly and he thought the deer was pregnant with its baby still alive and never to be born. The narrator could no nothing. The lights of the car were on and the engine was making a continuous sound, as if it sounded pleased. He felt that the cry in the wilderness was heard and after thinking he pushed the deer into the river. This poem shows a contrast between machine and animal. In the first three stanzas, he describes his encounter with the deer and its unborn baby. Then,Show MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages250 Examples of Employee Involvement Programs 251 †¢ Linking Employee Involvement Programs and Motivation Theories 252 Using Rewards to Motivate Employees 252 What to Pay: Establishing a Pay Structure 252 †¢ How to Pay: Rewarding Individual Employees Through Variable-Pay Programs 253 †¢ Flexible xii CONTENTS Benefits: Developing a Benefits Package 257 †¢ Intrinsic Rewards: Employee Recognition Programs 259 Summary and Implications for Managers 261 S A L Self-Assessment Library What’s

Themes Of The Snows Of Kilimanjaro And The Short Happy...

Themes Over Come from Hemingway’s experiences or Thoughts How can Hemingway make the themes in the books based on his experiences and thoughts? Hemingway writes the books based on his experiences and thoughts like men and masculinity from a character to showing his self-confidence or beliefs, death from meaningless of life, fatalistic heroism like the character, Schatz from the book, â€Å"A Day’s Wait† and nature from the leopard’s skeleton in mountain and hunting the buffalo in safari (Africa) in â€Å"The Snows of Kilimanjaro† and â€Å"The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber† or other books. Hemingway puts the meaningful themes and symbols through his experience and thoughts. There are major important themes in Hemingway’s books. First, men and†¦show more content†¦Another character in â€Å"The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber†, which is Robert Wilson. He doesn’t have better body shape than Francis Macomber, but he shows his confidence of hunting from his clothes and skill. In addition, Hemingway is referring himself to Robert Wilson which is handsome, and a real man. Robert Wilson â€Å"wore with the four big cartridges held in loops where the left breast pocket should have been, at his brown hands, his old slacks, his very dirty boots and back to his red face again† (Hemingway 122), but Francis Macomber â€Å"was dressed in the same sort of safari clothes that Wilson wore except that his were new† (Hemingway 122). The two-different way of clothes describe to showing their confidence of hunting skills, so Wilson is wearing safari clothes even it is not brand new, but it shows the confidence of his hunting skill while Francis is wearing the brand-new safari clothes, it shows that he is not that confident of his hunting skill. Another book, â€Å"A Day’s Wait† shows the theme of men and masculinity from â€Å"looking a very sick and miserable boy of nine years† (Hemingway 34). He gets flu with 102 degrees Fahrenheit. He is â€Å"seemed very detached from what was going on† (Hemingway 34), because he comes from France, so he doesn’t know that United States uses theShow MoreRelatedErnest Hemingway: A Brief Biography 1210 Words   |  5 PagesAmericans in Paris. In one writing of Hemingway, it reads, â€Å"In the nearly sixty two years of his life that followed he forged a literary reputation unsurpassed in the twentieth century† (LostGeneration). During this time, he wrote some of his most important and successful works of literature. Ernest Hemingway is one of the most influential writers of his time. One biography of him said, â€Å"His novel s and short fictions have left an indelible mark on the literary production of the United States and theRead MoreThe Snows of Kilimanjaro and The Short, Happy Life of Francis Macomber2435 Words   |  10 PagesErnest Hemingway was an intricate and dedicated writer who devoted a significant portion of his life to writing multiple genres of stories. Throughout his stories, the similarities in his style and technique are easily noted and identified. Two of the short stories he wrote contain themes and motifs that specifically explain the plotline. The first story, â€Å"The Snows of Kilimanjaro,† sets its scene in the depths of a desolate area in Africa, where the main characters, Harry and his wife, decide toRead MoreThe Theme Of Masculinity In The Short Happy Life Of Ernest Hemingway1689 Words   |  7 Pagesmake the themes in the books based on his experiences and thoughts? Hemingway writes the books based on his experiences and thoughts like masculinity from a character to showing his self-confidence, death from alcohol which is showing the self-injury, fatalistic heroism like the character, Schatz from the book, A Day’s Wait and nature from mountain and safari (Africa) in The Snows of Kilimanjaro and The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber or other books. Hemingway puts the meaningful themes and symbolsRead More Review Of Ernest Hemingway And Writings Essay1503 Words   |  7 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Ernest Miller Hemingway was an American novelest and short-story writer whose writings and personal life exerted a profound influence on American writers of his time and thereafter. Many of his works are regarded as American classics, and some have subsequently been made into motion pictures. A review of Hemingway reveals many interesting points about his life, about the influences upon his works, and of the the themes and styles of his writings. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;An examinationRead More The Forgotten Female in the Works of Ernest Hemingway Essay3143 Words   |  13 PagesThe Forgotten Female in the Works of Hemingway      Ã‚  Ã‚   Ernest Hemingway has often been accused of misogyny in his treatment of female characters (and, perhaps, in his treatment of women in his own life). It is not fashionable these days to praise the work of Ernest Hemingway, says Frederick Busch. His women too often seem to be projections of male needfulness (1). Many of his stories are seen as prototypical bildungsroman stories--stories, usually, of young men coming of age. There

A Passage to India Analysis Free Essays

The reflection of fear and hope problem in is a book published in 1924 by E. M Forster which portrays the colonized India under the rule of Britain and further explores the problem whether it’s possible that friendship can be established regardless of the separation of religions and social status. The question deals with the emotion of fear and hope and also the roles they play in the novel. We will write a custom essay sample on A Passage to India Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Both of the two emotions here not merely refer to the feelings but also, they reflect the different personal characters and the problems concerned with the social status and cultural background. In this book, fear and hope are conveyed in ways of the expression of the setting and opening passage, detailed description and symbolism. This essay is going to talk about the application and representation of fear and hope, also their roles of deepening the theme of the book.. In , the opening passage of each chapter lays the foundation for the emotion. Fear and hope are played up via the description of colors and outer environment. Chapter one is very beginning and in consideration of the fact that the readers have no knowledge about text itself, the narrator applies the methods of setting off to let the basic emotion stand out. In the sentences: â€Å"There are no bathing steps on the river front, as the Ganges happens not to be holy here†, â€Å"In the bazaars there is no painting and scarcely any carving. †, the narrator depicted a whole image and background which is dull, hopeless and without much indication of living. At the very beginning the narrator mentions about â€Å"the Marabar Caves† about which â€Å"nothing† can be said exactly doesn’t exist. This kind of ironic way opens up the discussion and to some extent indicates the hopelessness. The very first setting of the whole background brings reader to fearful situation but raises the reader the expectancy for the plots to go on and find â€Å"hope†. The following paragraphs connect the feelings with specific parts of the components of settings. The setting of the city seems to be exposed fully and â€Å"nothing hideous†. And the expression of natural views seems to give people a gleam of hope but in another way, it foreshadows that there’s going to be storm on the peaceful and calm land. Going with the plots of the book, the opening passage of part two has the strongest emotionality and seems to be the climax in the setting. At first, the scene is switched to the past. And then a group of words to describe the environment are applied to stress the darkness. â€Å"abruptly, insanely, wildest† . The cave part of the paragraph creates the extreme and jumpy joy in nature which forms the contrast with the depression and hopeless deep down at the bottom of human beings. Darkness is often together with fear and scary. The description of cave which goes that â€Å"Even when they open towards the sun, very little light penetrates down the entrance tunnel into the circular chamber. † This is an innuendo of the mental situation of people that time, no matter Indian or British. Their hearts are like the chamber and their emotions are confined there. Little fresh air can come inside and this leads to the consequence of distorted human integrity which contains the deepest fear about the truth, the good and the beautiful. Obviously, the purest part of human nature faded and this is final situation of hopelessness. The narrator delineates the original image of the cave and its impression which correlates the later part of creating the intensive atmosphere when the narrative centre comes onto the stage. Part 3 is the denouement of the book.. It shows us the picture after howling wind and torrential rain. The song and the chord from Hinduism explain the peace created and the new hope brought out. In spite of the indirect indication, the detailed description is also exemplified on the main characters: Dr. Aziz, Mrs Moore, Miss Adela and a group of British Villains. Some typical examples are : the dialogue between Dr Aziz and Mr Callendar and Mrs Lesley about the tonga, Mrs Moore and Dr. aziz first dialogue, Ronny and his mother talk about Indians, the collector and Fielding’s argument and people’s comments after Miss Adela announces that all is her delusion. Throughout all these details, the narrator tries to use the external factor to express the characters of fear and hope. For example, Dr. Aziz’s talk is elusive and emotional, even though, he is really a straightforward person, these show the dodgery of him. Compared to the status of Mr Fielding and all those British ladies, Dr Aziz’s behavior and talk often run out of order and from the details given when he was about to leave for Marabar Cave, we can find clearly the silly and embarrassing comic effect deliberately created by him. He has shown a natural inferior status in front the British. Sometimes the stronger the evidence is given, thee more the fear is in the text. From the talk between Dr. Aziz and Mrs Callendar, Dr. Aziz’s tone is very assertive. Yet , we can easily find the leak in the later part of his talk that he is exactly very unsatisfied. Also, at the later part, there is a conversation between Mr fielding and the collector. The collecter in the real life is the person who can get hold of power. He uses a lot of words to emphasize his points, for instance: â€Å"excessively, the repetition of no and also the pause during his sentences. † The narrator doesn’t show all the fear and hope directly throughout the text, but he depicted thee details which are able to deflect the mentality of fear and hope. Even though, the characters are sometimes very mighty but we can feel the impotence and fear from the hypocritical exterior. From the situation at the court when everyone knows that Dr Aziz is not guilty, what we see is that everyone holds their words and goes with what the stupid collector says as if they are representing justice, regardless of what Mr fielding also says as a British. It seems to be in a very clear and obvious situation that The British they are stubborn and they hold stigma towards the India, but at the same time this shows a fear towards a totally unfamiliar nation, an unknown religion and a group of unknown people. At the very beginning of the story, there are dialogues between Ronny and his mother, Miss Quested and Mrs Moore. , the misgivings of Dr Aziz by Ronny that Dr Aziz is like the rest of the Indian men are expressed vividly by Ronny’s steadfast and impatient tone by which we can discover the fear of British. They try to convince themselves even when it comes to a ridiculous and unknown situation. The fear of Indian is so obvious by the description of funny and intemperate words and actions. In addition to these two ways, the narrator also uses the symbolism. The three chapters are arranged in the order of weather: â€Å"cool, cold and warm† This develops in the same way as the emotion goes in the text. In Chapter 2, symbolism is used in a implicit way. The echoes in Part 2 represent the feeling of fear. The sound which is described as â€Å"Boum† combined with darkness shows the fear and perplexity of both the British and the Indian. There are different types of fear and hope existing in the text. In the first two chapters, the fear about discrimination and culture difference is mentioned. For example, during the talk about polygamist, we can clearly find the fear inside Dr Aziz about discrimination and the fear about marriage from Adela. Also, the hope of starting a new relationship with Indians is shown from the images of Mrs Moore and Adela. In the last chapter, there shows the hope about the understanding of religion. And the song from Godbole reminds us of peace about religious belief, but by contrast, there is always a gap between Hinduism and Islam. The description of Dr Aziz and other characters become smooth and calm. In front the virtue, Dr Aziz is no longer the clown and in Part three, we can see clearly that Dr Aziz’s talk becomes unoppressively compared to the beginning and climax. The feeling of hope and fear is not expressed directly in the text but it’s still a very important clue throughout the whole book. The narrator firstly brings up the hope and then describes the fear which emphasizes the factor that it’s impossible that the relationship can be established beyond the gap. At the end of the book, it seems to give us a wonderful end but we can still find that there’s a gap between the two people: Dr. Aziz and Fielding who also represent two different cultures. The fuzzier the readers feel about the two feelings, the stronger the effects that are created. This convinces the readers and deepens the theme of the relationship. The narrator uses a very skillful method to express the fear and hope in the text and every character’s personality is depicted fully by the flow of emotion in the book. Also, the emotion exposed helps to develop the story and make the theme clear. The development of the emotion of main character organizes the causal chain of the whole story. Nonetheless, the ways to express and stress the fear and hope don’t change that much which somehow give readers a feeling of getting bored. Even though all the parts are closely related to the plots and theme and sometimes it can be seen that they help the narrator to attract readers attention, we can still find that the methods are not fresh and it becomes very hard to attract or to say continue the readers’ curiosity about the story. The narrator didn’t switch at the right time which causes the readers misunderstanding. By Yuefan A1 SL How to cite A Passage to India Analysis, Papers

French and Indian War Effects free essay sample

his war completely varied their knowledge of their land and its value. We know our lands have now become more valuable, (Document B). No more would they be fooled by the trickery that cheated them of Manhattan Island; no longer were they ignorant to real estate. They opposed the immigrants who settled in their lands, pleading with the colonists to control these squatters lest violence should ensue. Your people daily settle on these lands We must insist on your removing them, as you know they have no right to settle, (Document B).Consequently, this attitude that the Native Americans portrayed may have affected the way Great Britain regarded its newly acquired French land. Great Britain did not want the colonists to settle In the western lands past the Mississippi (Document A). The colonists, however, felt that it was their right to settle these lands. But, whilst the Native Americans were protesting, the British feared more violence from them. We will write a custom essay sample on French and Indian War Effects or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They did not willingly allow the colonists to settle the west for this reason and that it would take an enormous effort to organize the land politically.For the most part, soldiers were treated very differently after the war. Britain came out of 1763 with low opinions and expectations of the Colonial military. This resulted in soldiers being [denied] Englishmen liberty, (Document D). By this, it can be deduced that the British officers had no respect for the Colonials, denying them items such as clothes and liquors. Even after their term was ended, they were not yet allowed to go home, eventually causing them to [swear] that we would do no more duty here, (Document D).This could possibly explain why the British were ere they would succeed In the Revolutionary War, as they clearly did not think much of the American military, or lack thereof. In contrast, some divisions of the colonial population supported Britain whole- heartedly with their lives. They delighted in the short-lived emboldened ties. A New England minister proclaimed . The Children of New England may be glad and triumph, in Reflection on Events past, and Prospects for the future. .. (Document E). Comprehensibly, he felt that Britain gave them a future, that they owed their lives to their mother country. .. Mother, who has most generously rescued and protected us, [must] be served and honored. .. (Document E). This is a deep contrast to the ways of thinking possessed by the soldiers and Native Americans, and it would not last long. From a British economic standpoint, the French and Indian War, in addition to the Seven Years War, plunged them further and further Into a seemingly endless mountain of debt. Profits and taxes were Insufficient to keep the country afloat: [the] revenue.. . Is small and inconsiderable (Document F).This caused Britain to heavily he fact that their tax money was paying for American wars and military. The military required a huge amount of revenue to support it (Document F). The British decided that taxing the colonies would be mandatory, unknowingly opening the floodgates of the Revolutionary War. Consequently, Britains debt did indeed lead to American taxation. At first, the taxes were minimal and did not really attract much attention. They were not liked, but they were abided by. As taxes mounted from various Prime Ministers such as Greenville, who attempted to boost his popularity by lowering British taxes and raisingAmerican ones, and Champagne Charlie, who attempted to tax Americans without much squawking. Men like Benjamin Franklin opposed the Stamp Act in particular. It raised the most rage out of all the taxes imposed. They demanded for it to be repealed (Document G). Continued taxation led to the cries of No taxation without representation! Though Americans strictly opposed these taxes, the did not wish to break from England. A firm loyalty to the Crown and faithful Adherence to the Government.. . Will always be the wisest course for you and I to take, stated BenjaminStamp. Clearly, they fought taxes with fire. In any event, the colonists anger was Justified in the Revolutionary War. The French and Indian War was simply a prelude to the events that followed it. These events resulted in the formation of the Continental Congress, the battles of Lexington and Concord, the Journey of Paul Revere, and the appointment of George Washington, along with countless other historical turn points. For example, if not for the appointment of George Washington as a military leader, would he have become our first president? How would history be altered?In essence, the French and Indian War altered the relationships between Britain and the American colonies. It educated the Native Americans, preventing colonists from settling the West. Colonial soldiers were looked down upon, resulting in an underestimation by the British of the American military. It renewed some with the toughened ties with Britain (no matter how brief), while it also tore apart those ties due to taxation. These events introduced the Revolutionary War. All of history is tied together by a sequence of connected events, for the French and Indian War facilitated the making of the great United States of America.

Poetry Coursework Essay Example Essay Example

Poetry Coursework Essay Example Paper Poetry Coursework Essay Introduction Love is an important literary tradition, in that it, it has been written about by poets down the ages. Choose at least three love poems you have studied and comment on the different ways in which, the subject has been dealt with.Out of the poems I have studied, I have decided to choose â€Å"His Coy Mistress† written by Andrew Marvell, â€Å"My Last Duchess† written by Robert Browning and finally â€Å"The Flea† written by John Donne. In my essay I will explain what is going on in the poem, what relevance it has to the poet etc. The way the poem is structured and how it is written.Finally I will compare the poems and link them using similar things involved with love etc. Then I will write a final conclusion to the comparisons.The first poem that I am going to discuss is † To His Coy Mistress† by Andrew Marvell. This is a poem of seduction; the man is trying to persuade his mistress to have sex with him. He starts off by saying how he would treat her i f he had all the time in the world. In the first stanza, there is even reference to Noah’s Ark, in the line â€Å"Love you ten years before the Flood.† He uses the idea of waiting by saying, â€Å"Till the conversion of the Jews, my vegetable love shall grow.† To people in those times this would be extremely humorous. The man says he would do anything in the world to gain her love. From our point of view it seems the man does not love her, but it is rather a case of lust. He also describes it as being a race to be run or a hard fought battle, giving a more dramatic view on him trying to seduce her. He then praises her in the lines â€Å"Thine eyes, and on thy forehead gaze, two hundred to adore each breast, and thirty thousand to the rest.† This is a show of praise from the man that is clearly an attempt to impress her by using such adoring phrases.Moving on to the second stanza, he is trying to get the message across to her that they don’t have al l the time in the world to do these things and that they must do them right at that instant or else time will run out and no one shall experience the mistress’s true beauty. At the start of the second verse the lines read â€Å"And yonder all before us lie, deserts of vast eternity.† This stanza includes mostly words that look to the future and what lies ahead for them (the man and his mistress). He gives the indication there is no hope for either of them if they do not have sex. Included in the next few lines of the verse is the image of death. The man is trying to almost frighten the woman by using adjectives or phrases to do with death. This is contained in lines twenty-five to thirty two. An extract from lines twenty-five to twenty six, in which the man says, â€Å"My echoing song; then worms shall try, that long preserved virginity.†This is the strangest thing suggested by the man. He is saying that the woman would lose her virginity to the worms when she i s buried after death. This would obviously occur if she did not have sex with him or so the man insists. All in all the man is trying in a way to persuade her to have sex with him but in a strange way, by trying to frighten her.Moving on to the third stanza, the man is indicating to his mistress that because of all the things he has explained, that they should do what he says. He is telling his mistress in many ways that they should give into their desires and have sex. However later on in the verse he mentions the iron gates of life, this is seen to many of us as the gates of heaven and hell of morality on whether to have sex or not. Then in the last two lines of the poem he is stating that you cannot stop time, but if you enjoy it goes quicker, another indication to give into their supposed desires.The second poem that I’m going to talk about is † The Flea† which was written by John Donne. This is another poem that is to do with a man wanting to have sex with a woman. In this poem however the couple are soon to be married. He is again trying to persuade his future wife whenever he spots a flea.In the first stanza the man spots the flea and makes a point that the flea has his blood and her blood in it after biting them and sucking it out. He is making the point that they are one in this flea, so why cant they have sex. He tells her that it is no sin to lose your virginity before marriage. He makes the point that the flea has had more freedom on her body than he has. This is the clear point he is trying to make in the first verse, that they should have sex. He repeats his theory of using the flea to try and persuade her still.He is trying to use the idea of the flea again in the second stanza, he says in the first line of this stanza â€Å"Oh stay, three lives in one flea spare†. What this means is that if she kills the flea it is like killing not only the flea but also both of them. He then continues this theory by saying the flea is a â€Å"temple† of their marriage. We then understand that the woman’s parents don’t approve of the man marrying their daughter. He still goes on about his theory of killing the flea; we begin to think that the woman is getting annoyed with him being so supposedly stupid. We suspect she is going to kill the flea to end this annoying and silly episode. He now starts pleading with her not to kill the flea. He starts off jokingly saying he could kill him by killing the flea and then goes on to say that not only will she be killing the flea and himself but her as well. He says this as if she is really going to kill herself, he also demands that it would be sacrilege to kill this flea for it would kill all three, the flea, him and her.The woman now at the start of the third stanza has actually killed the flea. The man begs the question why have you killed innocent living things meaning the flea, himself and her. He then accuses her of being cruel. He criticises her by saying she is weaker than he is by killing the flea. The man says his hope is pointless as she has now killed him in killing the flea and to some extent that she has broken his â€Å"spirit.†In comparison with the first poem â€Å"His Coy Mistress† it is a similar poem to that, with the men in both poems trying to persuade the woman to have sex with them. Also in both, the man uses things or ways to try and seduce the woman. In â€Å"His Coy Mistress† the man uses many different ways to try and seduce her while in â€Å"The Flea† the man uses a only one way which is plainly and simply the flea. Both poems last word of each line rhymes with the previous line. Most of the lines are also the same length so both poems contain rhyming couplets. We think that in both poems the men are more for lust than love. They are both using strange ways to seduce their woman. Using an unusual object to signify something else, for example the flea used in the poem was kn own as conceut.The third poem I’m going to discuss is called â€Å"My Last Duchess.† Robert Browning wrote this. This poem is an example of a â€Å"Dramatic monologue.† This is a poem about a man who tells woman what to do and when he wants her to do it. This is an example of how society was when this poem was set; the man had a massive empowerment over his wife.At the start it seems that someone is looking at a painting of a duchess. He then starts talking to him about the painting. We guess that this man knows a lot about that duchess that is depicted in the painting. He says it looks as if she where alive, this makes us think that this woman is now dead. This man who is talked about is clearly proud of the painting in what is said in the first few lines.We then begin to learn of the story of an arrogant duke who knows what he likes and gets what he wants, this is down to the fact that he does not admire the beauty of the woman no more but the work of Fra Pand olph who painted the picture. The way the poem is written (involving the poems rhyme scheme) suits the duke’s arrogance. The duke talks about how beautiful she looked, wearing one of his many gifts to her. The gift, a broach shows how much affection the duke has for the woman. We learn that the duke is unimpressed with the duchess’ reaction to the gift he has bought for her. The duchess does not rank his gift.This is the part of the poem where the duke changes his complexion and becomes angry and frustrated with the duchess. He is annoyed with her response to the gift he has given her. The duke says she is cruel to his family’s name, he says it is a gift. This is because his family name is well known name in the aristocracy. He continues talking about this by saying his family name is a 900 years old and is a great legacy. The duke is becoming more and more frustrated. The duke now seems to have control of her and almost owns her. This was a common situation for the time the poem was written in as in that society a man controlled what his wife did or didn’t do. The duchess again goes against the duke’s wishes.The duke now decides to execute the woman as he claims she has no respect for him or his family name. To us this seems cruel and harsh on the lady because all of this has been done against her own will and her right to live. The duke is making a point in executing her by saying you don’t cross him or he will punish you severely. The duke is in effect dehumanising her. We learn then that the duke is about to get married again and has added her to his list of possessions etc. He treats her like an object not a human. We then realise what the moral too the poem is. It is that the duke collects his wives like he collects his paintings and makes the point again that the woman is simply just an object and one of the mans possessions.Unlike the other poems the duke demands rather than trying to persuade or seduce the wom an like in â€Å"The Flea† or â€Å"His Coy Mistress†. The woman pays the ultimate price for this and is executed. This poem was written more than two centuries later than the other two poems. It also has a rhyme scheme that suits the duke’s arrogance because the poem is presented in one big block, with assertive full stops and dominance unlike the other two poems in which the poem is split up into a few stanzas. In â€Å"My Last Duchess† the poem is written as one big verse. But similar to the other two poems it contains rhyming couplets.In conclusion all the poems deal with the situation of a man wanting to have sex with a woman, in all the poems we think the man was more for lust than true love. Some poems describe how society was in the time the poem was written. This is especially so in â€Å"My Last Duchess.† Since these poems were written there is now a better attitude to women than there was a long time ago as depicted in these poems. Women now have greater rights than they used to and when they are married they are not owned by their husband. They have the free right to do what they want. Finally, I think that all these three poems show clearly how much man’s attitude to woman has changed over the past centuries. They are no longer married because of money etc. but for love. Poetry Coursework Essay Thank you for reading this Sample!

Green product in Chinese food companies and Prospects for the development of a marketing strategy. The WritePass Journal

Green product in Chinese food companies and Prospects for the development of a marketing strategy. Introduction Green product in Chinese food companies and Prospects for the development of a marketing strategy. IntroductionRATIONALEï ¼Å¡The need for the development of green food industryGreen food industry faces ecological threatChina Green Food Standards urgently with international standardsSpeed up the construction of green food baseTHEORETICAL UNDERPINNINGMETHODOLOGYResearch strategyResearch Method-QuantitativeReference and Bibliography:Related Introduction The aim of the research is to increase the awareness of ‘green product in Chinese food companies and Prospects for the development of a marketing strategy to meet the green challenge.   To consider the concept of green marketing emergence and development To explore the consumption demand of green product via the green customers psychology and their behaviors. To emphasizes on the impacts of quality, brand, package, price, place, advertisement and public relation on the green food marketing. To examine the corporation social responsibility relationships between enterprises and society. To propose a framework for a marketing strategy RATIONALEï ¼Å¡ In recent years, with the level of awareness of food security concerns, the increase in some areas of China green food industry has begun to take shape.   At present, the green food industry has developed the equivalent of 3-5 times the output value of farming. Foods, both at home and abroad, will have huge potential for development, which is the set of economic, ecological and social benefits in one particular industry, there is great economic development. With the improvement of living standards and changes in consumer attitudes, as well as environmental pollution and resource destruction of increasingly serious problem is conducive to peoples health, non-polluting, safe, high-quality nutritious foods has become a fashion, more and more people of all ages.   Development of green food has a sound basis for strong market consumption. Green Food sales data show that people around the world trust in conventional food supply declined, while the rate of increase demand for organic foods has been growing faster than supply.   Japan has 91.6% of consumers interested in organic vegetables, 77% of Americans and 40% of Europeans favorite foods. In China domestic market, organic foods has also been widely welcomed, green food to meet the needs of people living in transition. å… ³ The relevant departments of the two cities, Beijing Shanghai survey showed that 79% -84% of consumers prefer to spend high prices, but also willing to buy green.   According to authoritative institutions predict that the national green food will be consumer demand and profits are growing at a rate of 20% per year. In addition, labor-intensive production of green food, a variety of operating characteristics such as the production of green food in developed countries are subject to certain restrictions, some countries in the aggregate have a serious shortage, at present in Germany, the UK organic foods rely heavily on imports, and import volume of domestic consumption has accounted for 98% and 80%. Green food industry at home and abroad the strong development momentum and the strong demand for the development of Chinas green food industry provides a good external environment. But experts believe that Chinas green food industry is faced with environmental pollution and resource destruction brought about accelerated reduction in the level of quality standards. The need for the development of green food industry Green is clean, safe, high-quality nutritious food, green food production and consumption into the protection of the environment, respect for nature to promote the concept of sustainable development of human society. Start green consumer market, the formation of green food production and consumption trends is essential. First of all, the development of green food is the globalization of Chinas integration into the world economy, the inevitable choice. Chinas accession to the WTO, as a large agricultural country, should bring agriculture and green food processing industry as the countrys pillar industries. Fo green food industry is not only economic benefits were considerable, but in line with Chinas national conditions, construction of green food base, development of special economic ecological agriculture and green food processing industry, will surely have a difficult to measure social and economic benefits.   After accession to the WTO, China should become the worlds foods (mainly organic food), and a major supplier of natural medicines. Second, the development of green food industry is agriculture, the extensive mode of operation from the traditional to the modern green management style, develop modern agriculture needs. In the current context of Chinas resource constraints, but also to change a single large-scale investment of natural resources characterized by low efficiency of resource elements combination, change the grain as the key link, heavy agriculture and light industry agricultural economic growth, changes to a single purely rely on experience in operations, self-sufficient small farmers in semi-subsistence mode of production to achieve the natural economy from extensive agriculture to the commodity economy and the market economy into a modern ecological agriculture and promote the industrialization of green food and internationalization. Third, the development of green food industry is from the traditional planting and breeding industry to an integrated business segment of societys changing needs. Should be in legislation, policies and quality standards of green food products with international standards step by step so do a good job to join the WTO and to meet international competition. To face both domestic and overseas markets and make full use of two kinds of resources, the implementation of modern enterprise management and enhance scientific and technological content and enhance the agricultural and food processing industrys competitiveness.Through different levels and in different forms of vertical and horizontal joint, the formation of trans-regional, cross-sectoral, cross-ownership of modern agriculture and integrated management of enterprises and groups, integrated management of agriculture into the overall pattern of agricultural modernization among. Fourth, the development of green food industry is scattered from the traditional to the modern management of Agricultural Integration of industrial operations changing needs.   Through the industrial management of agriculture, you can optimize the combination of production factors into full play the role of science and technology elements to enhance the quality of agricultural products and grades, and achieve multi-level value-added; income of the farmers was greatly improved. ç «Å¾Ã¤ ºâ€°Ã¥Å â€ºÃ¥â€™Å'æ‰ ©Ã¥ ¤ §Ã¥ ¸â€šÃ¥Å" ºÃ¥   Ã¦Å"‰çŽ‡ã€‚ Through industrialization, the land can be appropriate scales to promote and encourage the farmers embark on a new United Way, and gradually form matched with the needs of the pillar industries, with specialization and regionalization of production of the regional economic structure suited to enhance competition in domestic and foreign markets force and expand market share. Green food industry faces ecological threat Although my country has developed green food industry, natural resource advantages, but in recent years, Chinas industrialization, the agricultural ecological environment has deteriorated trend, direct threat to the green food industry. In recent years, due to agro-ecological environmental degradation caused by agricultural pollution is very serious, industrial three wastes and the large number of urban domestic sewage to the rivers, lakes emissions.   Part of carrying mercury, lead, arsenic, chromium and other harmful toxic substances in industrial waste water through irrigation water to the farmland, coupled with the irrational use of chemical fertilizers (mainly the excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizers), pesticides and the loss of human and animal feces, etc., agricultural pollution is increasing, thus lead to surface water and groundwater quality pollution. More than half of Chinas lakes are at different levels of eutrophication status, the Yangtze River and other rivers in the nitrogen content is also showing a rising trend and become a frequent occurrence of red tide offshore of the important reasons. Former vice minister of Ministry of Agriculture, relative to re-Yang believes that to protect the ecological environment, first of all to speed up the development of national agro-ecological environment protection policies and regulations, as soon as possible the establishment of agricultural and agro-ecological environment monitoring system and the development of relevant standards, regular monitoring and reporting of agricultural by-products and its production environment has been polluted, so as to ensure that agricultural products do not harm peoples health.   Actively promote the Festival of nitrogen fertilizer application techniques, adjusting fertilizer structure, and the implementation of balanced fertilizer formula, vigorously develop high-performance multi-fertilizer, promotion of special fertilizer, and actively promote organic manure fertilizer matching system.To strengthen agricultural protection advocacy training to improve management and technical personnel at all le vels of agriculture and the peasant masses of agricultural environmental protection consciousness. Green food industry is a systemic project, the parties must in all aspects to ensure product quality.   The establishment of green food base for the industrialization of green food is conducive to speed up the pace of development is conducive to really make the green out of an Agricultural Integration, Chan Jiaxiao stop the industrialization path.   At present, common organic fertilizer production methods still in the original state, either can not meet the quality and quantity of green food production. China Green Food Standards urgently with international standards As China Green Food standards and international standards are not unified, Chinas green food export restrictions importance of working with international practice. Heilongjiang Academy of Social Sciences researcher Songkui that foods with international standards, first of all to speed up green standards, certification criteria, such as trade rules with international practice. AAAA grade green food is the integration with the international organic food products, its export potential.   Chinas accession to WTO, has a comparative advantage in agricultural products face a large number of export opportunities. We should speed up the standards of construction, speed up the standards, certification procedures and related rules and regulations with international standards, in order to further explore the international market conditions.   In particular, to master its international standards, and management requirements in respect of its changes, the more accurate market forecasts based on the formulation of scientific marketing strategies in order to quickly enter the international markets and expanding market share. At present, the serious problems faced by the certification body is the certification standards and systems into line with EC standards are not role models, and its certification does not endorse the European Community, recognition is not high.   Many customers have specifically requested by the European Community recognized national accreditation body.   EC in recent years, some well-known Certification Authority have been carried out in China, the organic product certification work, and significantly increasing customer demand.   Chinese certification body in the certification criteria, certification procedures and certification system still needs to be improved, and to the strict accreditation checks. According to the EC requirements and the status of certification bodies in China, we recommend our organic product standards relevant departments to speed up the changes and development work, and actively with the international standards, as soon as possible a unified organic product regulations, in accordance with international standards to establish a reliable and reputable certification system, and through various channels to expand our certified organic product certification bodies and their well-known abroad for Chinese manufacturers to provide effective access to international markets passes.   In addition, in the face of foreign certification bodies for organic products certified in Chinas competitive pressure should increase the sense of crisis, turn pressure into motivation, as soon as possible from the organic product certification in China are not European Economic Community, the United States and Japan, accepted the situation, so that China organic products certified bo dies to become the worlds major markets for organic products to consumers, importers, wholesalers and exporters in China jointly recognized quality certificate Speed up the construction of green food base Foods to form the pattern of big market, the key to have the leading products and mass production as a guarantee.   Experts believe that although our country has a lot of green food base, but the most decentralized management, fragmentation is quite prominent, it is difficult to form scale advantages.   In many places, though already have developed a number of green food, but delays do not form a superiority reason is mainly a single product structure, production and decentralized operation, economies of scale is poor, production, supply and poor convergence.   Most have not formed at home and abroad utter the least sound-quality products.   Therefore, while paying attention to industrial restructuring, with emphasis to large-scale, grouping the direction of taking mergers, horizontal joint-stock forms of cooperation, and vigorously to form a group of large-scale green food production bases and Enterprise Group in order to really play a leading enterprise-led scale production push-pull effect of market circulation in order to continuously enhance our foods at home and abroad market competitiveness. As green food base for the creation, construction, development and growth must be strong leading enterprises to drive.   Actively cultivate high-tech, large-scale, market competitive foods processing enterprises, the formation of the Commonwealth Agricultural Integration of green food development to achieve superiority in agriculture industrialization. ä ¸â‚¬Ã£â‚¬â€š Our country become the worlds major supplier of organic foods. In the domestic large and medium cities should be set up through the window, and opened green channel and other measures to continuously improve the market share; in foreign countries to open up shipping routes through the establishment of overseas offices, start-up window, such as direct sales channels, enhance the radiation power of green food market.   On this basis, we should adopt recommendation, training, selection and other means to continuously develop and expand the ranks of brokers to establish a domestic and international market to ride the flow of force, making organic foods are sold at home and abroad force. THEORETICAL UNDERPINNING The subject which relate with my topic will focus on the author ken peattie’s book, the reason is that he was the first person who discovered the green marketing principle and increasing our knowledge on the concept of environment, not only for the society, but also for all types of organizations. The section for this area is only the primly source understanding, There are four sectors need to be considering in the following order(just a brief description of them): The green marketing defined Ken peattie(1992) point out, ‘Green marketing is a style of marketing which has arisen response to the increasing concern about the state of the global environment and the life it contains (including human life). 1. The green product Ken peattie(1995)said that green product is one of the newest product classifications to arise, but is also one of the most difficult to apply because the green product refers to the production of a specific mode of production, and the relevant specialized agencies by the state found, allowing the use of green food logo pollution, pollution-free, safe, high quality, nutritional food. 3. The green customers and their behaviors Kotler (1994) defines a product as ‘anything that can be offered to a market for attention, acquisition, use, or consumption that might satisfy a want or need’. The green product is the way to meet the green customers. According to Ken peattie(1992),’The ‘green consumer’ is the driving force behind the green marketing process. It is consumer demand which is encouraging improvements in the environmental performance of many products and the companies that produce them. For marketers, it is important to understand what it means to be a green consumer and perhaps also what it takes to be a green marketer and also said that ‘Marketers are interested in the buying behavior of the customers within the company’s target markets’.   Corporate Social Responsibility In recent years, corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become a strategic, customer buying behavior, brand, profitability and other key elements of business practice associated with the business. Theory and practice abroad show that corporate social responsibility, not only help to improve the welfare of society as a whole, the improvement of the competitiveness of enterprises also have an irreplaceable role. And because marketing practice, customer satisfaction on long-term corporate profits and shareholder value with far-reaching impact of strategic importance, therefore, to make Chinese companies more proactive social responsibility, in addition to helping companies understand the role of corporate social responsibility and the significance of corporate social responsibility and explore the relationship between the impact of customer satisfaction is definitely a good starting point: the ability to guide enterprises to take the initiative to put its own interests and the intere sts of the community together, through appropriate corporate social responsibility to act to improve overall competitiveness. 1.on the social responsibility associated with customer satisfaction Fortune 500 companies have up to 90% already have a clear measure of corporate social responsibility initiatives (Kotler and Lee, 2004). Business Magazine (Business Week) 2005 special report year, a huge amount of large corporate disclosure related to corporate social responsibility investment, Target Corporation has invested nearly 100 million U.S. dollars, accounting for 3.6% of pre-tax profits, General Motors has invested 51.2 million U.S. dollars , representing the pre-tax profit of 2.7%, General Millss invested 60.3 million U.S. dollars, accounting for 3.2% of pre-tax profits, Merck has invested 920 million U.S. dollars, accounting for a pre-tax profit of 11.3%, Hospital Corporation of America has invested 9.2 100 million U.S. dollars, accounting for 43.3% of pretax profits. Clearly, the rise of corporate social responsibility is socio-economic development to a certain stage. In developed countries, this concern of corporate social responsibility and oversight is increasing. Meanwhile, in the marketing literature, customer satisfaction because of the long-term profits and market value has a profound effect (Gruca and Rego 2005), there are also positive on shareholder value impact (Anderson, Fornell and Mazvancheryl 2004) and has important strategic significance, therefore, to explore corporate social responsibility impact on customer satisfaction has important theoretical and practical significance. Some foreign scholars, the enterprise has undertaken various social responsibility, not only help to improve the welfare of society as a whole, beneficial to the enterprise itself. Bhattacharya, Smith, and Vogel(2004) proposed corporate social responsibility and should be integrated marketing strategy, corporate social responsibility to corporate brand equity, customer equity, market share, positive impact on corporate image.Chahal and Sharma (2006) established a corporate social responsibility analysis of the impact marketing performance framework, and that corporate social responsibility of enterprises is an effective marketing tool. Sen and Bhattacharya (2001) indicated that although the existing empirical studies of methods, approaches, there are still some flaws, but that the corporate social responsibility on corporate financial performance has a weak positive effect. Willmott   and Mitchell (2001) research shows that consumers prefer more responsible products and services. T hese scholars are directly or indirectly, that the performance of corporate social responsibility good or bad indeed has an impact on customers. Therefore, this study suggests that further study of corporate social responsibility, the impact on customer satisfaction, can help us better understand the role of corporate social responsibility and the concept of customer satisfaction orientation. Some of the existing research support, directly or indirectly, corporate social responsibility and the link between customer satisfactions: Daub and Ergenzinger (2005) proposed the general customer concept. Most customers is not only concerned about the consumer experience of the consumer, but also the actual or potential stakeholder groups, one. From this point of view, the general customer will show good corporate social responsibility to provide more satisfactory products and services. Good corporate social performances of companies, more beneficial to create a positive public opinion, enhance the consumers evaluation of the enterprise to improve the attitude of the consumer business (Brown1998 and Dacin 1997; Gurhan Canli and Batra 2004; Sen and Bhattacharya 2001). Especially in recent years, some studies (Bhattacharya and Sen 2003, 2004) proposed construction of corporate social responsibility is a key element of corporate identity, to attract customers more comfortable with a company, which is to produce a close relationship. In fact, Lichtenstein, Drumwright and Bridgette (2004) made a good corporate social performance of enterprises improved customer identification, to make it more support for the company, thus creating benefits for the company. Is not difficult to infer, full identification of the customers products and services more satisfied. (Bhattacharya, Rao and Glynn 1995; Bhattacharya and Sen 2003) Luo Bhattacharya (2006) believe that corporate social responsibility customer satisfaction by influencing the antecedent and thus affect the customer satisfaction. For example, empirical studies have shown that perceived value is an important antecedent to enhance customer satisfaction (Fornell et al. 1996; Mithas, Krishnan, and Fornell 2005b). Luo and Bhattacharya (2006)point out that in the other conditions being equal, a good corporate social performance of companies, customers can get a higher perceived value, thus enhancing their satisfaction with products or services, good social performance as product or service into a value added. Brammer and Pavelin (2004) findings suggest that, overall, corporate social responsibility and corporate reputation has a significant relationship. The corporate image as the concept of corporate reputation of the approximation (Dowling, 1993), the European model of customer satisfaction (ECSI), Chinese Customer Satisfaction Model (CCSI), there are certain degree of expression. METHODOLOGY Research strategy Case Study: Case study research is a method designed to study the particular within context and has a very specific purpose. [] The purpose of a case study is to provide a holistic account of the case and in-depth knowledge of the specific through rich descriptions situated in context. This may lead to an understanding of a particular phenomenon but it is understanding the case that should be paramount by PICARD, A.J (2007) This paper will using the Tainted Sanlu Baby Milk Powder Incident identify the problems/issues in this case that are relevant to marketing.Analyze the case and apply concepts and theories of marketing to discuss the problems/issues Will be identified. Marketing Problems: For example: Celebrity Endorsement 1. Balance theory: the scandal of the brand consumer’ negative attitude toward the brand consumer’s negative attitude toward the celebrity. 2. Social responsibility of the company; The effectiveness of public relations in a crisis; Product recall B2B Problems: Supply Chain Management; Total Quality Management; Outsourcing; Purchasing†¦ The link including the milk powder production, cow raising, raw milk collection and dairy processing Outsourcing to dairy farmers and milk dealers – they added melamine to the milk so that the diluted milk could still meet standards B2B Problems: Supply Chain Management; Total Quality Management; Outsourcing; Purchasing The link including the milk powder production, cow raising, raw milk collection and dairy processing:Purchasing, Quality control. Dairy farmers Milk dealers Diary Producer (Sanlu) Supermarket Consumers:Cow raising  Ã‚   Raw,milk collectionDelivery, storage B2B Problems: Supply Chain Management; Total Quality Management; Outsourcing ; Purchasing There are two choose will be use(alternative): 1.investigate the problems from Sanlu (one company) perspective; 2.investigate the whole diary industry (Sanlu, Mengniu, Yili, Nestle; local brands international brands); Collect information from various sources; talk with diary distributors, diary producers, milk dealers, even consumers†¦ Research Method-Quantitative Questionnaires/Survey A questionnaire will be completed through monkeysurvey.com/ This project analyzes the impact of this behavior to identify the determining factor through research on the green purchase intention of consumers to. To this end, I designed a brief questionnaire, from different perspectives influence consumer purchasing decisions on a variety of psychological and social factors that raise questions. This study will include 16 different area of Chinese food industry category (See appendix for a complete list of green products to be pre-tested for inclusion in the final survey instrument!). There will be two scales assessing the benefit emphasis of each item in the pretest. One scale will assess â€Å"benefit to individual† and would range from â€Å"very little† to â€Å"Very much† using a 5-point scale. The other scale will assess â€Å"benefit to society† in the same manner. The gray items will then be excluded, i.e., those which fall in the middle of the spectrum and are considered by some to benefit primarily the individual, by others primarily society. The purpose for this survey is to identifies the Influence of consumer decision to purchase organic foods on the determinants of access to a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of sustainable consumption and thus contribute to the further development. Reference and Bibliography: 1.Anderson, Eugene W., Claes Fornell, and Sanal Mazvancheryl (2004),â€Å"Customer Satisfaction and Shareholder Value,† Journal of Marketing,68:4 (October), 172-185. 2. Bhattacharya, C., Rao, H. Glynn, M.A. 1995. Understanding the bond of identification: An investigation of its correlates among art museum members. Journal of Marketing, 59: 46-57 3.Bhattacharya, C.B., and Sen, S. (2003). Consumer-Company Identification: A Framework for Understanding Consumers’ Relationships with Companies. Journal of Marketing 67(2): 76–88. 4.Bhattacharya, C.B., Smith, N. C., and Vogel, D. (2004). Integrating Social Responsibility and Marketing Strategy: An Introduction. California Management Review 47(1): 6–8. 5.Brammer, S Pavelin, S 2004, ‘Voluntary social disclosures by large UK companies’, Business Ethics: A European Review, vol. 13, no. 2/3, pp. 86-99. 6.Brown, Tom J. (1998), â€Å"Corporate Associations in Marketing:Antecedents and Consequences,† Corporate Reputation Review, 1 (3), 215–33. 7.Chahal , H. and Sharma, R.D 2006, ‘Implications of Corporate Social Responsibility on Marketing Performance: A Conceptual Framework’, Journal of Services Research, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 205-216. 8.Daub, C.-H., Ergenzinger, R. (2005). Enabling Sustainable Management through a New Multi-Disciplinary Concept of Customer Satisfaction. European Journal of Marketing, 39(9/10), 998-1012. 9.Dowling, G.(1993).Developing your company image into a corporate’, Long Range Planning vol:101 no.9 10.Fornell, C., M. D., E. W. Johnson, J. Anderson, J. Cha, and B. E. Bryant (1996), The American Customer Satisfaction Index: Nature, Purpose, and Findings, Journal of Marketing, 60, 7-18. 11.Fornell, C., Mithas, S., Morgeson, F. and Krishnan, M. S. (2006). Customer satisfaction and stock prices: High returns, low risk. J. Marketing 70(1) 3–14. 12.Luo, X., and Bhattacharya, C.B. (2006). Corporate Social Responsibility, Customer Satisfaction and Market Value. Journal of Marketing 70(4): 1–18 (lead article). 13.Gurhan -Canli Z.Batra R(2004),† When corporate image affects product evaluations:the moderating role of perceived risk 14.Gruca, T.S., and L.L. Rego (2005) Customer Satisfaction, Cash Flow, and Shareholder Value. Journal of Marketing, Volume 69, July: 115-130 15.Kotler,P(1994)Marketing Management:Analysis,Planning,Implementation and Control(7th edn),Prentice Hall. 16.Kotler, P. Lee, N., 2004.When it comes to gaining a market edge while supporting a social cause, ‘corporate social marketing’ leads the pack’. Stanford Social Innovation Review, [Online]. Spring, Available t: ssireview.org/site/printer/best_of_breed/ [accessed4 August 2008] 17.Mitchell, A., Sikka, P., Willmott, H. (2001), Policing knowledge by invoking the law: critical accounting and the politics of dissemination, Critical Perspectives on Accounting, Vol. 12 No.5, pp.527-55. 18.Peter A. Dacin (1997), â€Å"The Company and the Product:Corporate Associations and Consumer Product Responses,† Journal of Marketing, 61 (January), 68–84. 19.PICARD, A.J (2007) Research methods in information. pp. 85. 20.Peattie, K(1992). Green Marketing. London: Pitman Publishing 21.Peattie,K(1995). Environmental Marketing Management. Pitman Publishing, London. 22.Sen, Sankar and C. B. Bhattacharya (2001), â€Å"Does Doing Good Always Lead to Doing Better? Consumer Reactions to Corporate Social Responsibility,† Journal of Marketing Research, 38(2), 225-244 Appendix: Green Products to be pre-tested for possible inclusion in survey: 1. Beverages 2. Dairy 3. Alcohol 4. Baked goods 5. Cigarettes 6. Convenience food 7. Meat, poultry and eggs 8. Canned Food 9. Tea 10. Oil 11. Condiment (seasoning) 12. Snacks 13. Health-care food 14. Sea food 15. Fruit and vegetable 16. Grain processing

Accounting, Society and Enviroment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Accounting, Society and Enviroment - Essay Example In 2006 the Financial Reporting Review Panel extended the requirement of the annual reports to constitute of the review from the director’s of the companies (FRC, 2008). Companies which qualify as small companies are not required to publish annual reviews (PLC, 2013; KPMG, 2006) and medium sized companies are not required to publish their environmental and social policies in their annual reviews as an obligation (KPMG, 2013). For quoted companies it is required that the review in addition with a fair review of the business and major risk faced by the company; the company should also publish its environmental policy, the social policy; employee issues and also to what extent these policies were effective (PLC, 2013; KPMG, 2006; CR, 2012). Taylor Wimpey Plc is a quoted company and is registered with the London Stock Exchange; thus it is required to publish an annual report encompassing a business review, the performance and development of its business mentioning the Key Performa nce Indicators and also the environmental and social policies and the effect they generate on the society and environment. Ethical Policy of Taylor Wimpey Plc The company’s ethical policy is addressed as either corporate culture, corporate responsibility or under peoples and culture. The company highlights the high ethical standards it has set for its business and employees in the form of an ethical corporate culture (TWCSR, 2009; TWCSR, 2010; TWCSR, 2011). Although the company has a clear ethical policy which is implemented in all of its organizations (TWPLC, 2007), yet the policy does not get a clear and open mention in the reviews of the company. The ethical structure of the company is only described in term of qualitative data, no disclosure policy is followed. Neglect can be seen in terms of describing the clear ethical policy of the company and the implications it has had. The corporate responsibility of the company is clearly explained in the review as well as the annu al reports; as the corporate responsibility of the company is in part comprised of the ethical policy of Taylor Wimpey plc (TWP, 2007). Corporate responsibility management also finds the ethical policy of the company addressed in the form of the primary stakeholder’s interests and stakeholder engagement (TWP, 2009). Chairman Kevin Beeston in his review is also found focusing of the ethics in the form corporate responsibility (TWP, 2011). The Value Cycle focuses on the ethical policy in the form of care for customers (TWCSR, 2009; TWCSR, 2010; TWCSR, 2011). Non-Financial disclosures like the ethical policy of the company can help a company reflect upon its culture and enable investors making decisions based on the information that the company voluntarily discloses (Binh, 2012; Singhvi & Desai, 1971). Diversity and Anti-Corruption policy is mentioned as part of the corporate governance structure of the company (TWP, 2011). More focus and clarity is required on the ethical respo nsibility; as it helps in building the trust of the company and provide the company with a competitive edge over other companies (KMPG ‘Beyond the numbers’, 2000). Social Policy of Taylor Wimpey Plc Like a balanced sheet fails to relay the complete value that a company has; the Key performance indicators for financial performance alone do not suffice for the risks and opportunities that lay ahead f any company; companies by joining their benefit with that of the society at large have come to change the way business success is perceived (KMPG ‘Beyond the numbers’, 2000). The annual reports and the business reviews of the Taylor Wimpey Plc use two Key performance indicators to determine their impact on society (TWCSR, 2009; TWCSR, 2010; TWCSR, 2011). The two key performance ind

Questionnaire for Bachelor Thesis with topic JSR170 and the Content Essay

Questionnaire for Bachelor Thesis with topic JSR170 and the Content Management Industry - Essay Example 17. Specifications are not available for the kind of applications that we use in our company. 4. Technology: Can Conventional Database Abstraction Layers (DBAL) and Web Services be used for solving the same issues 18. DBAL and web services are capable of solving all of the issues listed in section 2. 19. DBAL and Web services solves the relevant issues for us. 20. DBAL is tunable and can be used to realize additional controls that may be needed. 21. Our people are comfortable with DBAL / Web services 22. DBAL and web services are easier to adopt and use than the new standard processes 23. Many of the disadvantages of DBAL / web services are taken care of JSRs and JSRs are growing. Statements Very Un Important (1) Un Important (2) Neutral (3) Important (4) Very Important (5) 5. Technology: Is Data Access more comfortable with JDBC or other Data mining / warehousing software 24. Additional features on JDBC for connecting dissimilar databases. 25. Generic warehousing tools are good enough for our requirements. 6. General: Closing Remarks 26. JSR 170 is the future standard for all kinds of applications from Java stable. 27. JSR 170 is easy to adopt and use. 28. JSR 170 is compatible with most of the Enterprise Content Management Vendor products. 29. JSR 170 has advantages that are better than the other equivalent standards and products. 30. Adopting JSR 170 would improve our performance in the company. Signature of the person filling the form Thanks for your cooperation Question Selection and grouping. Categorization is done on the basis of the following: 1. Size of the company 2. Turnover of the company 3. Nature of business 4. Database employed on the website The...This would help in analyzing the advantages with respect to the size of the company, nature of business, database employed and also on the turnover. This would help in understanding whether the companies of similar traits think alike or differently; if so why Answers to be evaluated in line with the standard evaluation practices of assigning 1 for very unimportant and 5 for very important. Based on these numeric assignments of the choice, the other factors are also evaluated in line with the grouping and the related questions. Answers for specific groups could be averaged and viewed as a relevancy factor for the heading / group from the specific company type / size.

How Effective Is The Child Protection System?

How Effective Is The Child Protection System? Literature highlights some of the challenges for social workers assessing and making decisions about African children and families whose cultures differ from the majority of the white population in United Kingdom. The critical evaluation of knowledge and research in child protection and prevention of child abuse in black African children is important to the forming of social work policy, services and appropriate intervention. This is because there is need to provide appropriate intervention services which are culturally sensitive but at the same time preventing child abuse. It is important that black African children perspectives form part of policies and legislation. Several authors have critically analysed the evidence on service provision for black families in general. A pathologising approach to black families may lead to unnecessary coercive intervention and on the other hand a cultural relativist approach may lead to a non-intervention when services are required (Dominelli 1997 , Chand 2000). The purpose of the review is to explore if the child protection system is effective in preventing child abuse in black African children and their families. By child protection, the review will be referring to all the agencies and services involved in protecting and preventing child abuse. By relating to theory and research, there is hope to uncover gaps, themes and debates and also, raise questions which can be useful for future research. The literature review starts by setting the parameters that is, defining the terms that will be used, such as, child protection and child abuse. The literature review goes to set the historical and theoretical context because it is important to know how long literature and research has existed on the topic and what has been happening including research on culture differences, poverty, power issues and child protection. The review goes on to address the theoretical perspectives on the topic to analyse the theories that form the knowledge base in rese arch. The review goes on to look at the major findings in research and literature by exploring the key themes such as factors that impact African children that can result them in being involved in the child protection system for example, child rearing practices, poverty and limited knowledge in cultural practices by social work professionals. Finally the review will look at the anti-discriminatory practice and user-involvement to show how professionals can work sensitively and provide culture appropriate services. The literature search Child protection system aims to prevent situations that can result in a child or young person aged sixteen and under experience abuse that puts them in danger of not developing appropriately or losing their life (Save the Children UK, 2008). The abuse can fall under the category of child abuse which could be in form of neglect, emotional, physicals and sexual, (Woolfson et al 2009). The search involved these terms. After establishing the specific area to be reviewed; the focus was on black African children and the child protection system. The area of child protection and black African children is a controversial area that has been neglected in literature and research and there is need to analyse themes and identify gaps in literature. The sources selected were journals, books, government records and articles. Electronic search engines were used because they provided a readily available wide range of literature and research articles which have been accepted for publishing. These sourc es were used as evidence and source of information because they had been accepted for publishing hence they would not provide with false information. Review of the literature Historical Context In setting the historical context, the most important development in child protection is the formulation of the Children Act 1989 which was influenced by the public inquiries of the 1970s and 1980s child deaths, for example, the Maria Cowell. The Act stressed that the Local Authoritys duty is to safeguard and promote the welfare of children. However, research into how the Children Act was being put into action found that the child protection system was still focusing on single incidents of child abuse rather than planning to meet the wider requirements of children in need (DoH, 1995a). The studies also noted that many children and families received little or no support, the assessment of risk was low (Stevenson, 1998) and ignored the influences of poverty, unemployment and poor housing. This meant that a new way in thinking was needed about working with families. The result was publication of the Framework for Assessment of Children in Need and their Families (DoH et al, 2000) and Wo rking Together to Safeguard Children (DoH et al, 1999). A Common Assessment framework was also developed to promote more effective earlier identification of childrens additional needs and improve inter-agency working. A review into previous deaths of children indicates failures to listen to children, sharing of information, follow procedures and recognising indicators of abuse. The main response to the deaths of children due to local authorities failures has been to seek bureaucratic solutions such as introducing new guidelines, laws and procedures (Ferguson, 2005). However, the Laming 2003 enquiry into the tragic death of Victoria Climbie in 2000 is particularly significant because it pointed out the inter-agency approach established after Maria Cowells death in 1973 was not followed and it considered implications for the whole of the child protection system (Batty, 2003). Laming (2003) highlights the misjudgements made on the Climbies case based on cultural assumptions that led to a tragedy. However, Garret (2006) argues that the Laming report (2003) appears to detach a childs race from core assessments and this was echoed in the Every Child Matters which appears to mention very little about the needs of children from other races. After the Victoria Climbie enquiry there has been recent death of children known to social services such as, baby P (2007) and Khyra Ishaq (2008). This begs the question, where is the child protection system going wrong? There are debates on how to provide social work interventions and family support that are culturally sensitive and competent to African children and their families who are at risk of significant harm (Stobart, 2006; Holland 2004, Robinson 2007; Mama 2004). This was highlighted in the Laming Progress Report (2009) which set out challenges faced in safeguarding children such as: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ there is still need to improve knowledge and skills to understand children and their family circumstances. Also the laming report noted that despite the progress in inter-agency wor king there are still problems of day to day reality of working across organisational boundaries and cultureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ , Laming Progress Report (2009). When reviewing literature it is important to note that there is a sparse of research on black African children and the child protection system in the Britain hence it is difficult to set out the historical and theoretical context. Where research and literature exists, the data is still not plausible because it is mixed with other research data from minority ethnic populations and their experience differs widely. Theoretical and research perspectives that shape knowledge Different theories and perspectives inform knowledge base in literatures surrounding African children and the child protection system. When researching this area there is need to look at experiences of African people and their involvement with child protection hence researchers can use the black perspective which is based on the notion of common experiences that black people share. The black perspective criticises repressive research and theories that are likely to oppress black people, (Robinson 2007). African families will always refer to their culture as frame of reference to their parenting capacities (Bernard and Gupta, 2008) and understanding and acknowledgement of the black frame of reference will enable social workers to come up with accurate and comprehensive assessments of African black children involved with the child protection system, (Robinson 2007). Other literature is based on the ecological perspective and highlights the importance to analyse the impacts of social ex clusion, poverty and immigration on black African children and their families, (Gibbs and Huang 2003). However, Robinson 1998 argues that there is a danger of over-generalising and stereotyping because individual members from the same culture can behave differently from the pattern that is typical of that culture. However, other researchers argue that postmodern theories have gained popularity in social work, (Pease and Fook 1999; Leonard 1997). Researchers have argued against postmodern theories who want a better understanding of identity, combining personal with structural elements of living (Dominelli 2002; Graham 2002), drawing on the idea of what holds people together, (Badiou 2001). The lack of appropriate preventative support services which are culture sensitive often result in social work operating against the interests of black children involved in child protection, (Barn 1993, Graham 2002). Social work has operated within a problem oriented framework which is characterised by deficit and dysfunctional theories of black families (Robinson 2008). Major finding in literature and research Research agrees that black African children and their families are disproportionately represented in child protection (Graham, 2006; Barn et al 1997; Bernard and Gupta 2008). When looking at experiences of black African children and their families and how best to offer them appropriate intervention it is important to acknowledge background in terms of religion, culture, language and beliefs (Bernard and Gupta 2008; Gibbs and Huang 2003; Robinson 2007). Research shows that black African families may experience oppression and discrimination within the child protection system (Chand, 2008). A lot of literature appears to draw attention to the parenting in African families and how their culture is neglected in a lot researches and there is little empirical evidence especially about African parenting in Britain (Bernard, 2002; Graham 2006). Parenting by African families is entwined into an already debate of what constitutes child abuse (Francis, 1993; Chand 2000). Barn, 2002 argues that c hild abuse is a socially constructed phenomenon and most of literature surrounding child abuse is based on western societys views and middle-class. This can lead to discrimination and stereotypes towards African families rearing practices and lead to unwanted intervention and social care involvement. There is well documented literature focused on how culture influence parenting of African families involved with child protection system, (Brophy et al 2003, Bernard, 2002; Graham 2006). However, the empirical research is limited but the little data that exists poses the notion that cultural practices appear to play some part in African children being involved in the child protection system, (Mama, 2004). Literature suggests that African families practice harsh punishment for children, however, Barn et al 2006; Thoburn et al 2005; Nobes and Smith 1997, challenge such stereotypes and in their study, they found no significant differences between ethnic groups with regard to physical punis hment. However, these studies cannot be generalised to African families easily because the majority of the participants where white parents. There is gap in research on the parenting by black African families and a recurrent theme in literature is the need to acknowledge cultural and social contexts of parenting and experience of African black families to make sense of child abuse and provide appropriate intervention for children and families involved in the child protection system, (Holland 2004, Robinson 2007, Stobart 2006). A focus on ethnicity or identity, preclude issues of power and oppression operating in the everyday experiences of childrens lives to be appreciated, (Graham, 2007). Research found that most black African families live in poverty and social exclusion and how this impacts on parenting, (Bernard and Gupta 2008; Gibbs and Huang 2003; Robinson 2007; Platt, 2007). A study of more than 7,000 children looked after by 13 Local Authorities found that children who were not of the white origin where more likely to be put into care due to poverty (Sinclair et al, 2007). Sinclair et als study is very important b ecause it is a comprehensive qualitative study which focuses on the needs of children in care systems involving their perspectives and investigates the outcomes for children. The study also suggests how the care system should function and managed which is important to social work professionals and policy makers. However, data produced cannot be easily generalised to the entire population of African children because their experiences varies. There has been research critically examining the treatment of asylum seeking children and the child protection system and there is argument between the Children Act 1989 and immigration legislation and policy and Jones (2001) argues that social work profession singularly failed to provide critical scrutiny on the status and relationship of immigration and child care law and the erosion of childrens rights. Other researchers agree with Jones, that vulnerability of asylum seeking children has emotional and legal aspects, (Woodcock, 2003; Chase, 2009). Kohli 2006, argues that legislation obstruct the provision of preventative services to vulnerable children and their families. Research has highlighted the fragility of African children who claim asylum such as having suffering trauma due to their circumstances that led them to claim asylum such as war and torture, (Hodes, 2000, 2002; Ehntholt and Yule, 2006; Dyregrov and Yule, 2006). Research shows that there is a gap in research on asyl um seeking children and social work to inform practice, (Kohli and Mather 2003; Okitikpi and Aymer 2003). Rustin 2005, states that there is a complicated interaction between social workers knowledge in asylum seeking children and the existing stereotypes regarding these groups of service-users, (Bernard and Gupta 2008; Robinson 2007; Barn 1993; Owen and Statham 2009). Bernard and Gupta (2008) go on to cite other factors that affect African children such as asylum seeking, AIDS, loss and separation and this is important because when providing intervention to African children there is need to comprehend their background to offer appropriate services which do not discriminate them any further. Young (1990) states that black children often experience multiple-oppression for example, they suffer from stereotypes from society and also they are invisible to the child protection system. Graham (1999) goes on to argue that intervention with African families is at the centre of wider debates and conflict; and evidence from research continues to show over-representation of African children and their families in child protection. The debates seem to focus on power imbalances and how to involve African families to gain control over their lives, (Graham, 1999; Young, 1990). Other researchers highlight the issues of language in child protection and the provision of appropriate intervention services, (Chand 2000, Ahmed et al, 1982). The use of children as translators in sensitive child protection issues is unethical and inappropriate, and also the use of an interpreter can distort the assessment process, (Chand, 2000). Bernard and Gupta (2008) go further to look at other factors that affect black African children that other literature seems to neglect such as how gender norms place women in an inferior position within African cultures and this can limit mothers to protect their children in the environment of domestic violence, however Owen and Statham (2009) argues that the is limited evidence to maintain or challenge this notion. Nevertheless, in Masson et al (2008) study, domestic violence was evidenced as a cause of concern in the court files of half the children of Black African mothers implicated in their study of care proceedings. Research and evidence from Climbie enquiry propose that social work professionals involved with black and minority ethnic families might not act in child abuse cases because of fear of being regarded as a racist (Scorer, 2005; Bernard and Gupta, 2006). Nevertheless, literature and research fail to provide a large amount of evidence to support this notion for example, Gordon and Gibbons (1998) in their study found no differences between ethnicity in terms of children being placed on the child protection register and factors such as parents mental health problems, criminal activities or the child not fitting in a reconstituted family were the reasons for involvement than ethnicity (Williams and Soydan, 2005). However, Selwyn et al 2008 found that social work professionals were more uncertain and occasionally puzzled regarding how best to promote the needs of ethnic children and they felt further self-doubting in their assessment. Recurring themes in literature is the significance of so cial work professionals to build up on culturally sensitive work with black and ethnic families (Gray et al., 2008; Sue, 2006; Laird, 2008; Stirling et al., 2009; Hodge, 2001). Anti-discriminatory perspectives and the incorporation of knowledge from service users Thompson, (2008) states that anti-discriminatory practice has been used in Britain to account for good practice in social work to counter structural disadvantages however, Graham 1999, argues that anti-discriminatory practice fails to provide a knowledge base for social work that is engaged in the collective development of the black community. Professionals can indirectly oppress African children and their families through practice for example, by imposing their personal values or power, (Dominelli 2007). Research and literature talks about the child protection providing cultural sensitive services and training social work professionals have the knowledge and skills in working with different cultures. However this can actually create further oppression and social divisions. The majority of the workers will have dominant Eurocentric views which encourage further social divisions for example, excepting the view that African families live in poverty and not fight and challenge this view by providing services that help families to counter these structural inequalities in society. Dominelli (2007) argues that there is need to address the systems that reaffirm racist dynamics rather than challenging them. Dominelli (1992) argues that black children and families are over-represented in the controlling aspects of social work and under-represented in the welfare aspects of social work. Problems with communication and working in partnership have been highlighted in literature. Chases (2009) study found that young people described complex relationships with social workers and other social care professionals and were also more mistrustful of the interplay between social care and immigration services. There is limited research that incorporates service user involvement (Buchanan 2007; Bernard 2002) taking in their lived experiences however, an important study by Chase 2009 found that young people often described complex relationships with social workers and other social care professionals and were also more mistrustful of the interplay between social care and immigration services. Recent policy has tried to enforce advocacy as a way of promoting social justice and incorporate disadvantaged groups views on the services that are appropriate for them. In Bowes and Sims (2006) empirical study, they found that black and minority ethnic communities gave support to advocacy s ervices, however, they were still marginalised by the services they were already using. There appears to be a need of qualitative research and literature that includes an extensive study of black African childrens perspectives and experiences, (Graham 2007) which forms a value base to inform practice in social work. Relevance to policy and practice Using the ecological approach the Framework For Assessment of Children in Need and their Families (DoH, 2000), places a requirement on social work professionals to take account of cultural background and socio-economic positions of families paying attention to power imbalances in relationships, (Dalrymple and Burke, 1995). Dalrymple and Burke (1995) argue that an understanding is needed of the association between personal experience and structural realism of inequality. Therefore service users perspectives should form part of policies and legislation respecting and literature highlights that childrens rights may still lack from policy and legislation, therefore, these notions challenge professionals to take childrens views seriously and appreciate their contribution to research, (Aubrey and Dahl 2006). Lots of research appears to focus on empowerment through cultural knowledge inviting new thinking about the challenges faced by black communities, (Aubrey and Dahl 2006). The complex s ocial circumstances experienced by many African families pose challenges for social work professionals working to safeguard and promote childrens welfare. In order to safeguard and promote welfare of African children acknowledgement of sources of discrimination and oppression, a commitment to human rights and social justice must be met. Several authors have critically analysed the evidence on service provision for black families in general. A pathologising approach to black families may lead to unnecessary coercive intervention and on the other hand a cultural relativist approach may lead to a non-intervention when services are required (Dominelli 1997, Chand 2000). Either way appropriate intervention is not provided for black and ethnic minority children. The quality of services in black communities is a focus for debate and raises important issues about the lack of policy initiatives based upon needs and aspirations of local communities (Graham, 2002). By drawing on strengths perspective professionals can illuminate how parents draw on cultures as a resource to parents in circumstance of adversity whilst not excusing behaviour that is harmful to children. Conclusions There is gaps in research on child protection and black African families and a recurrent theme in literature is the need to acknowledge cultural and social contexts of parenting and experience of African black families to make sense of child abuse and provide appropriate intervention for children and families involved in the child protection system, (Holland 2004, Robinson 2007, Stobart 2006). Research shows that there is a gap in research on asylum seeking children and social work to inform practice, (Kohli and Mather 2003; Okitikpi and Aymer 2003). There is need for research centred on black African children and there is also need to involve them in forming of policies, challenging the notion that only ethnicity causes the experiences faced by African children. This is because by having cultural sensitive intervention, there can be reinforcement of stereotypical services and discrimination ignoring other things such as gender, age and class.